ABSTRACT Rainfall is a fundamental component of agricultural production, and knowing its potential and variability can ensure the success of this activity. However, the number of meteorological stations is still small, even in states with agricultural aptitude, such as Goiás. Geoprocessing techniques can be used to overcome this problem. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the products of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite to describe the annual and monthly rainfall variability in the Goiás state and the Federal District (Brazil). Interpolations were carried out to increase the spatial resolution by means of ordinary kriging and cluster analysis for spatial and temporal distribution. It was observed that the evaluated territory can be classified into three regions with differentiated water regimes up to 500 mm annually, with seasonality of accumulated precipitation from November to March. Even though the regression evaluation showed limitations for a monthly precipitation above 200 mm, the analysis of the TRMM satellite products demonstrated that this tool allows forecasts of provisional normals with a higher spatial resolution than the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) stations network, with known measurement errors for each evaluation period, allowing the data application in forecast models for agricultural planning involving water management.

RESUMO A chuva é um componente fundamental para a produção agrícola, e conhecer seu potencial e variabilidade pode garantir o sucesso dessa atividade. Entretanto, o número de estações meteorológicas ainda é pequeno, mesmo em estados com aptidão agrícola, como Goiás. Para contornar esse problema, técnicas de geoprocessamento podem ser utilizadas. Objetivou-se avaliar os produtos do satélite Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) para a descrição da variabilidade anual e mensal da precipitação pluvial no estado de Goiás e no Distrito Federal. Interpolações foram realizadas para aumentar a resolução espacial por meio de krigagem ordinária e análise de cluster para distribuição espacial e temporal. Verificou-se que o território avaliado pode ser classificado em três regiões com regimes hídricos diferenciados em até 500 mm anuais, com sazonalidade de precipitação acumulada de novembro a março. Embora a avaliação de regressão tenha mostrado limitações para precipitação mensal acima de 200 mm, a análise dos produtos do satélite TRMM demonstrou que esta ferramenta permite previsões de normais provisórias com maior resolução espacial que a rede de estações do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), com erros de medição conhecidos para cada período de avaliação, permitindo a aplicação dos dados em modelos de previsão para planejamento agrícola envolvendo manejo hídrico.

Resumen Introducción. En el proceso de beneficiado del café, se generan subproductos ricos en nutrientes y con elevada carga orgánica, que en la mayoría de casos son subutilizados y depositados, sin tratamiento previo en los cuerpos hídricos. Objetivo. Evaluar la influencia de la irrigación, sobre los compuestos químicos del agua residual obtenida del procesamiento de los frutos del café de la variedad “Rubi”, irrigada por pivote central. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se desarrolló en la Universidad Federal de Lavras, Brasil, durante el año 2018. El delineamiento estadístico utilizado fue en bloques al azar, con tres repeticiones. Los tratamientos correspondieron a cinco láminas de irrigación (0, 60, 80, 100, 120 y 140 % de la lámina de agua evaporada del tanque Clase A). El distanciamiento de siembra utilizada por parcela, fue de 3,5 m X 0,80 m, en un área de 1,6 ha-1, subdividida en dieciocho parcelas con aproximadamente 888 m2. Los frutos cerezas del café, fueron cosechados de cada tratamiento y mezclados en agua, en proporción de 2 l agua: 1 l fruto de café y en seguida despulpados en una licuadora industrial. El agua residual obtenida, fue analizada a través del método estándar para el análisis de agua residual. Resultados. Las láminas de irrigación, provocaron efecto significativo, sobre los parámetros químicos evaluados, las plantas irrigadas con base en el 57 % del agua evaporada del tanque Clase A, resultaron con compuestos químicos dentro de los patrones establecidos, para el descarte de agua residual en Brasil. El contenido de Mg, S, Mn, P, Zn, Cu y Fe, fue superior a las parcelas que no recibieron irrigación. Conclusiones. El uso de la irrigación en café, produjo efectos significativos sobre la concentración de los compuestos químicos del agua residual de los frutos del café de la variedad “Rubí”.

Abstract Introduction. In the coffee beneficiation process, nutrient-rich by-products with a high organic load are generated, which in most cases they are underused and deposited, without prior treatment in the water bodies. Objective. To evaluate the influence of irrigation, on the chemical compounds of the residual water obtained from the coffee fruits of the “Rubi” variety, irrigated by central pivot. Materials and methods. The experiment was developed at the Federal University of Lavras, Brazil, during 2018. The statistical delineation used was in random blocks, with three repetitions. The treatments corresponded to five irrigation sheets (0, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 % of the sheet of water evaporated from the Class A tank). The sowing spacing used per plot was 3.5 m X 0.80 m, in an area of 1.6 ha-1, subdivided into eighteen plots with approximately 888 m2. The cherry fruits of the coffee were harvested from each treatment and mixed in water, in a ratio of 2 L of water: 1 L coffee fruit and then pulped in an industrial blender. The residual water obtained was analyzed through the standard method for the analysis of residual water. Results. The irrigation sheets caused a significant effect on the evaluated chemical parameters, the irrigated plants based on 57 % of the evaporated water from the Class A tank, resulted in chemical compounds within the established patterns, for the disposal of residual water in Brazil. The content of Mg, S, Mn, P, Zn, Cu, and Fe, was higher than the plots that did not receive irrigation. Conclusions. The use of irrigation in coffee, produce significant effects on the concentration of chemical compounds in the residual water of the coffee fruits of the “Rubí” variety.

ABSTRACT The estimate of the potential sugarcane productivity through agroclimatic models aids in the agricultural planning of the crops and the quantification of the yield for a given region. For these estimated values to be considered robust there is a need for validating the performance of such models in different areas and agricultural varieties. Hence, the aim of this study was to validate the Agro-Ecological Zone (AEZ) method with fifteen sugarcane varieties in the region of the Vale do São Patrício, state of Goiás, Brazil. We evaluated the data referring to the cane-plant (one-and-a-half-year sugarcane), as well as the first and second sugarcane ratoons (both with one-year cycles) in an irrigated and dry farming system. The productivities obtained in dry farming were corrected due to the occurrence of a water deficit in the crop. The results indicated that the AEZ method presented productivity estimates more satisfactory for the one-year cultivation cycles (ratoon cycles) for all varieties studied, with the model adjusting best to the CTC15 variety (RMSE = 8.70 t ha-1; MAE = 6.05 t ha-1; d = 0.99).

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mepolizumab (MEP) in the management of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). A systematic search was performed, and articles published until March 2021 were analyzed. The primary efficacy results evaluated were hospitalization rate related to HES, morbidity (new or worsening), relapses/failure, treatment-related adverse effects, prednisone dosage ≤10 mg/day for ≥8 weeks, and eosinophil count <600/μL for ≥8 weeks. A meta-analysis was conducted, when appropriate. Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), with a total of 255 patients, were included. The studies contemplated the use of MEP 300 mg/SC or 750 mg/IV. According to the evaluation of the proposed outcomes, when relapse rates/therapeutic failures were assessed, there was a 26% reduction with MEP 300 mg/SC (RD=-0.26; 95% CI: -0.44 to -0.08; p=0.04) and 48% reduction with MEP 750 mg/IV (RD=-0.48; 95% CI: -0.67, -0.30; p<0.00001). For the outcomes, prednisone dosage ≤10 mg/day for ≥8 weeks was 48% (RD=0.48; 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.62; p<0.00001), and the eosinophil count <600/μL for ≥8 weeks was 51% (RD=0.51; 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.63; p<0.00001), both showed a reduction with MEP 300 mg/IV and 750 mg/IV. No statistically significant differences in treatment-related adverse effects outcomes were observed for either dosage (RD=0.09; 95% CI: -0.05 to 0.24; p=0.20; RD=0.09; 95% CI: -0.11 to 0.29; p=0.39). Despite the positive effects observed for the studied outcomes, the exact significance remains unclear.

ABSTRACT The answers to when and how much to irrigate orchards can be obtained based on the measurements of plants' transpiration and leaf temperature. This study aims to determine the leaf temperature and sap flow of the pequi tree (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.), both with and without water restriction. Further, the leaf temperature was measured by infrared thermometry and estimated transpiration using the Granier method, where the thermal dissipation probes are inserted into the plant stems. The experiment was conducted in a 120-plant orchard located in Goiânia-GO, Brazil, from which seven of the plants (3 irrigated and 4 non-irrigated; aged 6.6–7.4 years) were evaluated for eight months (October 2015 to May 2016). The soil was characterized as a dystrophic red latosol, and its water content was determined using the EC-5 capacitance sensors. The results denoted that the leaf temperature of the irrigated plants was lower than the median air temperature during summer and the transition period into the dry season, and the non-irrigated plants exhibited shortage of water availability during the dry season. In dryland conditions, the average transpiration was 24.09 L plant−1 day−1 and, when irrigated, became 42.29 L plant−1 day−1.

Resumo A região de estudo foi o MATOPIBA, localizado no norte do Cerrado Brasileiro. Esta região vem ganhando destaque pela expansão de área agrícolas nos últimos anos. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi ajustar parâmetros para estimativa da intensidade-duração-frequência de chuva, e identificar áreas agrícolas com maior risco de erosão baseado nos índices de erosividade e erodibilidade. As funções de intensidade-duração-frequência de chuva foram ajustadas usando series de valor máximo de chuva de 105 estações pluviométricas. O modelo Gumbel foi o que melhor simulou a distribuição de máxima intensidade de chuva, usada para ajustar os coeficientes K, a, b e c da relação intensidade-duração-frequência. A maioria das estações obteve intensidades entre 51 e 80 mm h-1, e 81 e 120 mm h-1, respectivamente, para período de retorno de 2 e 100 anos com duração de 30 minutos. As maiores intensidades foram observadas na região central-norte, que está associada ao sistemas de chuvas. A intensidade de chuva mostrou-se capaz de causar elevado risco de erosão, considerando a energia de erosividade. Enquanto que erodibilidade apresentou moderado risco para latossolos e neossolos litólicos, e baixo para neossolos quartzarênicos.

Abstract The region of study was MATOPIBA, located in the north of Brazilian Savanna biome (Cerrado), encompassing part of north/northeast of Brazil. The region has been gaining prominence in the last years due to the expansion of agricultural over this area. The aims of this study were: to adjust parameters for rainfall intensity-duration-frequency; and to identify the most vulnerable agricultural areas to erosion based on erosivity and erodibility. The rainfall intensity-duration-frequency function were adjusted using series of maximum annual rainfall event from 105 rainfall gauges. Gumbel model was the most efficient to simulate the maximum rainfall intensity, where these data were used to adjusted the rainfall intensity-duration-frequency model based on K, a, b and c parameters. The most rainfall gauges showed intensity between 51 and 80 mm h-1 and 81 and 120 mm h-1, respectively, for return period of 2 and 100 years with rainfall duration of 30 minutes. The higher rainfall intensity was observed mainly in the central-north of the region associated with rainfall systems. The rainfall intensity showed a huge capacity to cause soil erosion based on the erosivity energy, while the moderate erodibility was observed for areas with Ferralsols and Leptosols and low erodibility for areas with Arenosols.

RESUMO O bambu possui grande potencial de uso em inúmeras finalidades; entretanto, as várias espécies apresentam diferentes demandas climáticas. Isto dificulta a caracterização das demandas agroclimáticas do bambu para definir áreas aptas ao seu cultivo. Objetivou-se quantificar as demandas agroclimáticas do bambo, bem como definir áreas aptas ao seu cultivo no centro-norte do Cerrado brasileiro. As demandas agroclimáticas foram definas a partir das médias do centro de origem da espécie Bambusa vulgaris, no sudoeste da Ásia. A caracterização climática baseou-se na temperatura do ar diária média, mínima e máxima, chuva e déficit hídrico anual, e meses consecutivos com chuva abaixo de 40 mm. Estes limites foram utilizados para classificar áreas aptas, marginais e inaptas. A temperatura média ótima variou entre 15,14 ºC e 35,33 ºC. Já as temperaturas mínimas e máximas foram iguais a 12,07 ºC e 38,83 ºC, respectivamente. A demanda anual mínima de chuva foi de 775 mm, com déficit hídrico anual máximo igual a 1.320 mm, e valor máximo de oito meses consecutivos com chuva menor que 40 mm. A maior parte da região estudada foi classificada como apta (74 % da área total), seguida por marginal por déficit hídrico (12,9 %), inapta (8,9 %) e marginal por temperatura do ar (4,2 %).

ABSTRACT Bamboo has a huge potential for several uses; however, there are many species with numerous climatic growth requirements. This makes it difficult to characterize the agro-climatic bamboo demands, in order to define areas suitable for its cultivation. This study aimed to quantify the bamboo agro-climatic requirements, as well as to define areas suitable for growth in the central-north region of the Brazilian Savannah. The agro-climatic requirements were defined from averages of the center of origin of the Bambusa vulgaris species, in southwest Asia. The climatic characterization was based on the daily mean, minimum and maximum air temperature, annual rainfall and water deficit, and consecutive months with a rainfall rate lower than 40 mm. These limits were used to define suitable, marginal and unsuitable regions. The optimal range was between 15.14 ºC and 35.33 ºC for mean air temperature, with a lower limit of 12.07 ºC and a higher limit of 38.83 ºC, respectively, for minimum and maximum air temperature. The annual minimum rainfall required was 775 mm, with a maximum annual water deficit of 1,320 mm, and a maximum of eight consecutive months with rainfall of less than 40 mm. Most of the studied region was classified as suitable (74 % of the total area), followed by marginal due to water deficit (12.9 %), unsuitable (8.9 %) and marginal due to air temperature (4.2 %).

Resumo A chuva (P) e a evapotranspiração potencial (ETP) são variáveis climáticas relevantes para diferentes áreas do conhecimento, tais como: agricultura, manejo de bacias, previsões de tempo e drenagem urbana. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar os padrões de chuva e de ETP para o município de Goiânia, GO. Foram utilizados dados de 36 anos para chuva e de 21 anos para ETP. A precipitação foi de 1.494,66 mm, com tendência de redução a uma taxa de 3,7 mm ano-1. Observou-se que 99% das precipitações diárias são p ≤ 50 mm dia-1. Registraram-se 292 dias sem chuva e 72 dias chuvosos, com tendência de redução dos dias chuvosos e aumento de dias secos. A ETP foi de 1.380,57 mm, sendo a maior e a menor média registrada no 3° (139,02 mm) e 35° (55,36 mm) quinquídios. Há tendência de aumento na ETP (6,37 mm ano-1). Registrou-se excedente hídrico de 607 mm ano-1 e déficit 471 mm ano-1. ETR/ETP <0,8 entre os meses de abril e outubro. Frequências predominantes de P e ETP foram de 38% ( P > X ¯ ) e 31% ( E T P > X ¯ ), com periodicidades 4,0 (P) e 3,2 (ETP) anos. Observou-se r = 0,68 entre a temperatura média do ar e as taxas de desmatamento.

Abstract Rainfall (P) and potential evapotranspiration (ETP) are climatic variables relevant to different areas of knowledge, such as: agriculture, watershed management, weather forecasts and urban drainage. The aim of this work was to characterize the rainfall and ETP patterns for the Goiânia, GO city. Data of 36 years for rainfall and 21 years for ETP were used. The precipitation was 1,494.66 mm, with a trend of reduction at a rate of 3.7 mm year-1. It was observed that 99% of the daily precipitations are p ≤ 50 mm day-1. We recorded 292 days without rain and 72 rainy days, with a tendency to reduce rainy days and increase dry days. The ETP was 1,380.57 mm, with the highest and the lowest mean recorded in the 3rd (139.02 mm) and 35th (55.36 mm) quinquides. There is a tendency to increase in ETP (6.37 mm year-1). A water surplus of 607 mm year-1 and a deficit of 471 mm year-1 were recorded. ETR/ETP <0.8 between the months of April and October. Predominant frequencies of P and ETP were 38% ( P > X ¯ ) and 31% ( E T P > X ¯ ), with periodicities 4.0 (P) and 3.2 (ETP) years. Correlation of 0.68 between the mean air temperature and Goiás deforestation rates was observed.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el crecimiento inicial de la caña de azúcar variedad RB 86-7515, cultivada en sistema de producción orgánica y fertilizada con dosis de lithothanmium y vinaza, se desarrolló un experimento. La investigación se llevó a cabo en la Escuela de Agronomía de la Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brasil. El delineamiento estadístico fue en un diseño completamente aleatorio con tres repeticiones, en esquema factorial (5 x 5 x 2). Las plantas fueron cultivadas en contenedores de plástico de 200 litros. Los tratamientos correspondieron a cinco dosis de vinaza (0, 165, 330, 495 e 660 m3.h-1) y cinco dosis de lithothanmium (0, 100, 200, 300 e 400 kg.ha-1) en dos ambientes: irrigado y no irrigado. El sistema de irrigación utilizado fue por goteo con emisores de 4 L.h-1. La aplicación de los tratamientos de fertilización, fueron divididas de acuerdo con la marcha de absorción de nutrientes por las plantas de caña de azúcar. Se evaluaron número de brotes (cañas), altura de plantas, índice de área foliar y diámetro del cormo a lo largo de diferentes etapas fenológicas del cultivo. Los tratamientos aplicados provocaron efectos significativos sobre los parámetros de crecimiento del cultivo, siendo las plantas irrigadas y fertilizadas con 196 kg.ha-1 de lithothanmium y 330 m3.ha-1 de vinaza, las que exhibieron los mejores resultados.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of organic fertilization with doses of lithothanmium and vinasse on the initial growth of sugarcane cv. RB 86-7515. The study was carried out in the experimental area of the School of Agronomy, of Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil. A completely randomized experimental design was carried out to analyze data with three replicates, in a 5 x 5 x 2 factorial scheme. Plants were cultivated in containers of 200 liters. Treatments correspond to five vinasse doses (0, 165, 330, 495 and 660 m3.h-1) and five doses of lithothanmium (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg.ha-1) and sugarcane cultivation under irrigated and rainfed conditions. Irrigation was carried out using a drip emitter system with a flow rate of 4 L.h-1. Application of fertilizer treatments were parceled out according to nutrient uptake progress from sugarcane plants. Variables evaluated were as follows: number of buds, plant height, leaf area index and stem diameter, over different growing stages. Treatments produced significant effects on crop growth parameters; results showed that irrigated and fertilized sugarcane plants with 196 kg.ha-1 of lithothanmium and 165 m3.ha-1 of vinasse exhibited the best results.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el crecimiento de árboles de pequi en función de la irrigación y la fertilización orgánica, en un experimento de bloques al azar con seis parcelas y cuatro repeticiones. Se utilizaron 16 plantas por parcela espaciadas 5 x 5 m. Se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos: IF = Riego con fertilización, IWF = Riego sin fertilización, WIF = Sin riego con fertilización, y WIWF = Sin riego y sin fertilización, en parcelas subdivididas. El sistema de riego utilizado fue microaspersión. El volumen de agua aplicada se estimó en función de la evapotranspiración de los árboles de pequi. Las dosis de fertilización se aplicaron en noviembre de 2014 utilizando material de compostaje y Yorim; y en noviembre de 2015 se utilizó estiércol de ganado y estiércol de pollo. Cada mes se evaluaron la altura y el perímetro del tallo; el dosel fue evaluado en un huerto de 7,1 años. La temperatura de la hoja y la transpiración fueron evaluadas por el flujo de savia en árboles irrigados y no irrigados. El pequi no respondió a los tratamientos en términos de altura y perímetro del tallo. El riego proporcionó árboles con áreas más grandes de copa. Cuando se regaron, la temperatura de las hojas de los árboles de pequi se mantuvo por debajo de las temperaturas promedio del aire, independientemente de los períodos secos o lluviosos. Sin riego, las plantas presentaron estrés hídrico durante la estación seca. Bajo condiciones de lluvia, la transpiración media del árbol de pequi fue de 24,09 L d-1 por planta. Cuando se regaba, era en promedio de 42,29 L d-1 por planta.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to evaluate the growth of pequi trees in function of irrigation and organic fertilization. A total of 96 pequi plants (6-8 years of age), spaced 5 x 5 m, were used in a randomized blocks experiment with six plots and for repetitions. Four treatments were evaluated: IF = Irrigation with fertilization, IWF = Irrigation without fertilization, WIF = Without irrigation with fertilization, and WIWF = Without irrigation and without fertilization, in subdivided plots. The irrigation system was microsprinklers. The volume of water applied was estimated by the evapotranspiration of pequi trees. Cover fertilizations were performed in Nov/2014 using composting material and Yorim, and in Nov/2015 using tanned cattle manure and chicken litter. The growth was monthly evaluated by the height and the stem perimeter, and the canopy was evaluated in a 7.1 years old orchard. Leaf temperature and transpiration were evaluated by sap flow in irrigated and non-irrigated trees. The pequi tree did not respond to treatments in terms of height and stem perimeter. Irrigation provided trees with larger canopy areas. When irrigated, the leaf temperature of pequi trees remained below average air temperatures, independently of dry or rainy periods. Without irrigation, plants presented water stress during the dry season. Under rainy conditions, the mean transpiration of the pequi tree was 24.09 L d-1 per plant. When irrigated, it was on average 42.29 L d-1 per plant.

RESUMO A aplicação de elevado nível de adubação e o manejo inadequado da fertirrigação no cultivo de tomateiro podem promover aumento da salinidade da solução, desequilíbrio nutricional e desordens fisiológicas nas plantas, com conseqüente redução de produtividade e qualidade dos frutos. Objetivou-se avaliar diferentes estratégias de fertirrigação no crescimento e produção de minitomates cultivados em vasos com substrato em casa de vegetação. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com quatro tratamentos e vinte repetições. Os tratamentos corresponderam a quatro manejos da fertirrigação: T1 [(testemunha) fertirrigação com lixiviação de 20%]; T2 fertirrigação ao longo do dia e irrigação no final do dia com lixiviação de 20%; T3 irrigação com lixiviação de 20%, seguida de fertirrigação em todos os acionamentos do sistema de irrigação; T4 fertirrigação com lixiviação de 20% e reuso da solução lixiviada. Avaliaram-se altura e diâmetro da haste, número de cachos, produção total e comercial de frutos, tamanho, coloração, acidez total titulável, teor de sólidos solúveis e textura de frutos. Não foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos em relação às variáveis de crescimento do minitomate. Os manejos de fertirrigação testados não influenciam significativamente o crescimento do tomateiro. Os manejos T1 e T4 proporcionam maior produção comercial e frutos com maior teor de sólidos solúveis em relação às demais estratégias de manejo avaliadas. Considerando o fator nutricional, recomenda-se a reutilização da solução nutritiva usada no cultivo do tomateiro em substrato, corrigindo-se diariamente a condutividade elétrica da solução.

ABSTRACT The application of high level of fertilization and inadequate management of fertigation in tomato crop can promote increase of salinity of the solution, nutritional imbalance and physiological disorders in the plants, consequently reduces the productivity and the quality of the fruits. The aim of this study was to evaluate different fertigation strategies in growth and production of mini tomato plants cultivated with substrate in a greenhouse. The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks with four treatments and twenty replicates. The treatments corresponded to four fertigation strategies, as follows: T1 [(control) fertigation with leaching of 20%]; T2 fertigation throughout the day and irrigation at the end of the day with leaching of 20%; T3 irrigation with leaching of 20%, followed by fertigation in all activations of the irrigation system; T4 fertigation with leaching of 20% and reuse of the leached solution. Stem height and diameter, number of clusters, total and commercial fruit production, fruit size, fruit color, total titratable acidity, soluble solids content and fruit texture were evaluated. No significant differences were detected among the treatments in relation to the growth variables of the mini tomato plants. The strategies of fertigation tested do not influence significantly the growth of tomato plants. The T1 and T4 managements provide higher commercial production and fruits with higher content of soluble solids when compared with other management strategies evaluated. Considering the nutritional factor, we recommend to reuse the nutrient solution used in the tomato cultivation with substrate, correcting daily the electrical conductivity of the solution.

RESUMO O mogno-africano (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev.) é uma espécie arbórea, nativa do continente Africano, com boa qualidade de madeira, muito utilizada na confecção de móveis, na indústria naval, na construção de portas e portais, dentre outros. Tendo em vista que as condições de clima e solo são semelhantes entre a região de origem e o Brasil, pode-se inferir que o território brasileiro possui um grande potencial de cultivo. Este trabalho objetivou identificar zonas com aptidão edafoclimática para o mogno-africano no Brasil. A partir das variáveis, temperatura média, pluviosidade anual e tipos de solo, elaboraram-se critérios de seleção de regiões aptas, restritas e inaptas, para o adequado crescimento e desenvolvimento do mogno. Regiões que apresentaram temperaturas entre 23°C e 29°C foram consideradas aptas, com temperaturas entre 18°C e 23°C e de 29°C a 35°C, foram restritas, e valores de temperatura menores que 18°C e maiores que 35°C, inaptas. Com relação à pluviosidade, zonas consideradas aptas compreenderam uma quantidade de 830 a 3.000 mm ano1, sendo que valores menores que 830 e maiores que 3.000, foram inaptas. Para a aptidão edáfica, foram consideradas aptas as regiões contendo os mesmos tipos de solos existentes na região de origem do mogno (Argissolo, Latossolo, Neossolo, Quartzarênico, Litólico, Insular e Equatorial). A partir das características edafoclimáticas determinou-se que 55,62% da área brasileira foi considerada apta, 11,66 % apta com restrições leves, 25,00 % apta com restrições moderadas e 7,71 % restrita.

ABSTRACT The African mahogany (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev.) is a tree native from African continent, which has good quality wood and is used in furniture, shipbuilding, doors, among others. This work aimed to verify the Brazilian regions with climate and soil aptitude to the African mahogany. Rainfall, temperature and types of soil were used with variables of reference, from mahogany origin region, especially in the West African coast. From those variables, it was elaborated a selection criterion of regions considered apt, low apt and unapt to the appropriate mahogany growth and development. Brazilian regions that showed range of temperatures between 23°C and 29°C were considered apt, range from 18°C to 23 °C and from 29°C to 35°C were considered low apt, and when the range of temperature was lower than 18°C and higher than 35°C, unapt. To rainfall variable, areas with amount from 830 to 3000 mm year1 were considerate apt, with values less than 830 and higher than 3000 were unapt. Apt regions, to edaphic characteristics, were those that contain the same types of soils found in the origin region of Khaya ivorensis A. Chev. (Ultisol, Oxisol, Neossolo, Quartzarenic Litholic, Insular and Equatorial). From the soil and climate characteristics was determined that 55.62 % of Brazil area was declared apt, 11.66 % apt with slight restrictions, 25.00% apt with mean restriction and 7.71 % restricted.

RESUMEN La precipitación tiene una influencia directa en la productividad agrícola, siendo indispensable el conocimiento de su comportamiento espacio-temporal para establecer tendencias que ayuden en la gestión de los recursos hídricos, la planificación agrícola, el monitoreo hidrológico y la prevención de desastres naturales. Por lo tanto, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la exactitud de las estimaciones de precipitación de satélites de TRMM en relación con la precipitación registrada. Para ello, se utilizaron los datos pluviométricos de la estación meteorológica del municipio de Santo Antônio de Goiás - GO, comparándolos con los conjuntos de datos de satélites TRMM, especialmente los algoritmos 3B42 Versión 7 (V7) y Real Time (RT), durante el período de enero de 1998 a octubre de 2015. La comparación de los datos de satélite TRMM mostró que los registros de precipitación de diez días y mensuales del algoritmo 3B42 V7 presentaron valores de correlación de 0,69 y 0,65, respectivamente, durante la temporada de lluvias. En la estación seca, las correlaciones fueron de 0,80 y 0,73. El índice de concordancia de diez días osciló entre 0,68 y 0,98 y el índice de concordancia mensual osciló entre 0,83 y 0,99. El algoritmo 3B42 RT presentó resultados estadísticos más bajos en comparación con el 3B42 V7. Las estimaciones de la precipitación por satélite mostraron tanto las tendencias de sobreestimación como de subestimación; sin embargo, los datos satelitales pueden ayudar a la investigación en ausencia de información sobre las lluvias en la región.

ABSTRACT The rainfall has a direct influence on the agricultural productivity, being indispensable the knowledge of its spatiotemporal behavior in order to establish trends that will assist in the management of water resources, agricultural planning, hydrological monitoring and prevention of natural disasters. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the TRMM satellite precipitation estimates in relation to the gauge-recorded precipitation. For this, the rainfall data from the weather station located in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Goiás-GO were used, being compared to the TRMM satellite datasets, especially, the algorithms 3B42 Version 7 (V7) and Real Time (RT), during the period from January 1998 to October 2015. The comparison of the TRMM satellite data showed that the ten-day and monthly precipitation records of the 3B42 V7 algorithm showed correlation values of 0.69 and 0.65, respectively, during the rainy season; in the dry season, the correlations were of 0.80 and 0.73. The ten-day concordance index ranged from 0.68 to 0.98 and the monthly concordance index ranged from 0.83 to 0.99. The algorithm 3B42 RT presented lower statistical results when compared to the 3B42 V7. The satellite precipitation estimates showed both trends of over estimation and underestimation; however, the satellite data can help research in the absence of information on the rainfall in the region.

RESUMO Disponibilidade hídrica para a cultura da soja em função do intervalo hídrico ótimo e da evapotranspiração O manejo de irrigação, visando à produção ótima, tem sido baseado apenas no fator água. No entanto, além do potencial de água no solo, fatores como a resistência do solo à penetração e a taxa de difusão de O2 no solo também afetam o crescimento das plantas e interferem na absorção de água, mesmo em umidades dentro do intervalo de água disponível. Objetivou-se quantificar o intervalo hídrico ótimo e demonstrar o seu potencial no manejo do solo e da água, na agricultura irrigada. Para determinação do intervalo hídrico ótimo, foram estabelecidas curvas de retenção de água no solo e de resistência do solo à penetração a partir de amostras do solo indeformadas. O balanço hídrico sequencial e a evapotranspiração de referência, da cultura e real foram determinados para o período de permanência da soja em campo. A aeração do solo foi o limite superior do intervalo hídrico ótimo para densidade do solo superior a 1,33 Mg m-3, enquanto a resistência do solo à penetração foi o limite inferior para densidade do solo superior a 1,43 Mg m-3. A densidade do solo estudado foi de 1,35 Mg m-3, indicando disponibilidade hídrica de 0,37 m3 m-3, com base no intervalo hídrico ótimo, o qual é suficiente para suprir a evapotranspiração da cultura. O manejo da irrigação baseado no intervalo hídrico ótimo é mais eficiente e completo do que o baseado apenas na água disponível.

ABSTRACT Irrigation management aimed at optimal production has been based only on the water factor. However, in addition to the water potential of the soil, factors such as soil penetration resistance and soil O2 diffusion rate also affect plant growth and interfere with water absorption, even if moisture is within the available water range. This study aimed at quantifying the least limiting water range and demonstrating its potential in soil and water management in irrigated agriculture. In order to determine the least limiting water range, soil water retention curves and soil resistance to penetration were determined from undisturbed soil samples. The sequential water balance and the reference, crop and real evapotranspiration were determined for a soybean crop season. Soil aeration was the least limiting water range upper limit for soils with bulk density greater than 1.33 Mg m-3, whereas soil resistance to penetration was the lower limit for bulk density higher than 1.43 Mg m-3. The bulk density of the soil studied was 1.35 Mg m-3, indicating 0.37 m3 m-3 of water availability, based on the least limiting water range, which is sufficient to supply the crop evapotranspiration. Irrigation management based on the least limiting water range is more efficient and complete than that based only on available water.

RESUMO No monitoramento do déficit hídrico e no manejo da irrigação do Mogno Africano, o uso da sonda de dissipação térmica (método de Granier) é útil porém necessita de ajuste do modelo. Objetivou-se ajustar e validar a equação proposta por Granier para estimativa da transpiração em Mogno Africano e a partir da lisimetria medir a transpiração e relacioná-la com a demanda hídrica atmosférica. Monitoraram-se as condições meteorológicas, a transpiração e o fluxo de seiva em três plantas de 2,5 anos de idade de Mogno Africano em lisímetros de lençol freático constante, em Goiânia, GO. Avaliou-se: a área de xilema ativo (AS), a área foliar (AF), a transpiração medida pelo método do lisímetro (TLIS) e estimada pelo fluxo de seiva (TFS). A AS compreendeu 55,24% da área da seção transversal do caule. A AF variou entre 11,95 e 10,66 m2. TLIS e TFS variaram de 2,94-29,31 e 0,94-15,45 L d-1, respectivamente. O modelo original subestima a transpiração em 44,4% sendo o modelo ajustado F = 268,25 . k1,231. AS foi significativo (F < 0,05). Devido ao confinamento radicular, a transpiração teve baixa correlação, porém positiva, com a demanda hídrica atmosférica.

ABSTRACT The thermal dissipation probe (Granier method) is useful in the water deficit monitoring and irrigation management of African Mahogany, but its model needs proper adjustment. This paper aimed to adjust and validate the Granier sap flux model to estimate African Mahogany transpiration, measure transpiration using lysimeter and relate it to atmospheric water demand. Weather conditions, transpiration and sap flux were monitored in three units of 2.5-year-old African Mahogany trees in constant water table lysimeter, in Goiânia, GO. Sapwood area (SA), leaf area (LA), transpiration measured by lysimeter (TLYS) and estimated by sap flux (TSF) were evaluated. The SA comprised 55.24% of the trunk’s transversal section. The LA varied from 11.95 to 10.66 m2. TLYS and TSF varied from 2.94 to 29.31 and from 0.94 to 15.45 L d-1, respectively. The original model underestimated transpiration by 44.4%, being the adjusted equation F = 268.25 . k1.231. SA was significant (F < 0.05). Due the root confinement, the transpiration showed low correlation, but positive, with the atmospheric water demand.